Overview
Part 20 claims are a central element of civil litigation, allowing defendants to make claims against claimants or involve third parties in ongoing proceedings. For those preparing for the SQE1 FLK1 exam, a solid comprehension of how to reply and defend against Part 20 claims is essential. This guide explores the legal principles, structure, and strategic elements involved in crafting effective responses, equipping students with the skills needed for exam success and future legal practice.
Part 20 Claims
Legal Framework and Categories
Part 20 claims are governed by the Civil Procedure Rules (CPR), specifically Part 20. These rules outline additional claims within existing proceedings, including:
- Counterclaims: Brought by defendants against the claimants.
- Third-party claims: Brought by defendants against non-parties.
- Additional claims between co-defendants: Typically for contribution or indemnity.
Key CPR provisions:
- CPR 20.2: Defines the scope of Part 20 claims.
- CPR 20.4: Details the procedure for additional claims.
- CPR 20.6: Covers the service of claim forms.
Legal Principles and Case Law
Several important principles apply to Part 20 claims:
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Connection requirement: In Feedex plc v Travis Perkins Trading Co Ltd [2009] EWHC 2428 (TCC), the court highlighted the need for counterclaims to relate sufficiently to the original claim.
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Limitation periods: Aspect Contracts (Asbestos) Ltd v Higgins Construction plc [2015] UKSC 38 clarified that the time limit for a Part 20 claim starts from the date of the original claim.
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Court discretion: In Deutsche Bank AG v Comune di Savona [2018] EWCA Civ 1740, the court affirmed its power to deny permission for a Part 20 claim if it unnecessarily complicates proceedings.
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Contribution claims: Royal Brompton Hospital NHS Trust v Hammond [2002] UKHL 14 outlined principles for contribution claims under the Civil Liability (Contribution) Act 1978.
Purpose and Strategic Planning of Replies and Defences
Goals
- Define disputed and agreed-upon issues.
- Provide thorough responses to allegations.
- Establish a strategic ground for future litigation.
Strategic Planning
- Admissions: Carefully decide which allegations can be accepted without risk.
- Denials: Ensure denials are clear and supported by evidence.
- Legal points: Clearly state the legal principles backing your case.
- Evidence basis: Refer to key documents or witness statements.
- Cost and settlement considerations: Evaluate impacts on costs and negotiations.
Structure and Content of a Defence to a Part 20 Claim
Key Components
- Introduction and procedural overview
- Response to allegations
- Factual narrative
- Legal arguments
- Defensive assertions
- Contributory negligence (if applicable)
- Relief sought
Drafting Tactics
- Focus on clarity and precision.
- Keep it concise.
- Maintain logical order.
- Reference evidence.
- Use accurate legal citations.
Developing Replies to Defences in Part 20 Claims
Critical Elements
- Acknowledge disputed points.
- Address new allegations or defences.
- Clarify legal points.
- Highlight new evidence.
- Adjust relief sought as needed.
Strategic Approaches
- Engage selectively with key points.
- Preemptively address possible weaknesses.
- Strengthen narrative consistency.
- Consider the cost implications.
Practical Application with Case Studies
Case Study 1: Construction Dispute
Scenario: A contractor sues a developer for unpaid fees, and the developer files a Part 20 claim against a subcontractor for alleged defects.
Subcontractor's Defence Highlights:
- Denial of defective work, backed by quality assurance records.
- Claim that any issues were due to design flaws, implicating the main contractor.
- Limitation defence.
Strategic Points:
- Defend the Part 20 claim without harming the main action.
- Carefully handle disclosure obligations.
Case Study 2: Professional Negligence
Scenario: A client sues a law firm for bad advice, and the firm files a Part 20 claim against the barrister who gave an opinion.
Barrister's Defence Highlights:
- Comprehensive rebuttal of negligence.
- Argument regarding limited duty scope.
- Claim for contributory negligence against the law firm.
Strategic Points:
- Consider conduct rules related to critiquing other professionals.
- Frame arguments to strengthen the overall defence.
Conclusion
Successfully responding to Part 20 claims is vital for SQE1 FLK1 exam achievement and future practice. Remember these key points:
- Know the legal framework and types of Part 20 claims.
- Appreciate the importance of replies and defences.
- Craft detailed and coherent responses.
- Apply legal principles and case law wisely.
- Explore practical considerations through case studies.
By integrating this knowledge with an understanding of civil procedure rules and relevant case law, candidates will be prepared for both exam questions and real-world challenges related to Part 20 claims.